Bikes Under 1.5 Lakh

Bikes are not the most efficient way of transportation. But in the last few years, everyone was talking about the bike revolution. We, the present generation, are still not much comfortable with bikes.

Bikes Under 1.5 Lakh

Honda Unicorn

What is the price of a Unicorn in 2022?

The 2022 on-road price of the Honda Unicorn in Delhi is Rs. 1,23,254. This on-road price includes the ex-showroom price, RTO, and insurance charges.

What is mileage Unicorn bs6?

The mileage of the Honda Unicorn 160 is 62 km per liter. The top speed reached by bike is 106 km per hour. The Auto Headlight On (AHO) adds a new kick to the bike

Kawasaki W175

What is the mileage of Kawasaki W175?

Kawasaki W175 mileage is around 40-45 kmpl (approximate). 

Kawasaki W175  price?

Price 1.47 Lakh. The Kawasaki W175 is the brand’s most affordable model in India. The Kawasaki W175 is the Japanese brand’s most affordable model in India

Best bike under 1.5 lakh

3 Phase Automatic Changeover Switch Circuit Diagram Pdf

What is Automatic Changeover Switch

A Changeover Switch is a switching arrangement or device used to switch the power supply source to an electrical load. There are various kinds of changeover switches available. It is classified into two types based on the operation:

1. manual

2. automatic.

As the name of the transfer switch, automatic changeover switch and manual changeover switch built with electrical or electronic circuitry are available on the market.

An automatic phase change over switch is designed primarily to disconnect the load from its power source and transfer it to a standby source say a generator, in case there is a power outage. The switching process is done in a controlled manner so as to prevent the false starting of the generator at very short power outages.

3 Phase Automatic Changeover Switch Circuit Diagram Pdf

3 Phase Automatic Changeover Switch

3 Phase Manual Change Over Switch Connection / Three Phase Manual Transfer Switch Wiring Diagram

Automatic Changeover Switch Connection | Automatic Transfer Switch

Table Top Wash Basin Design | Table Top Wash Basin Price and Images

Table Top Wash Basin

Table top wash basin Design is an innovation in bath and shower technology. The Model T was the first, and still the most popular, automatic washing machine, but it did not have a hand wash basket. Instead, the tub was connected to the washing machine by an enormous tubular spout attached to a giant washboard. The scrubber was the end of the tub, which was connected to the tub by a thin tube.

Types of Wash Basins

• Counter Top
• Over Counter
• Under Counter
• Wall Hung Basins
• Semi-recessed

• Basin with pedestal
• Basin with integrated pedestal
• Basin with half pedestal
• Basin with integrated half pedestal
• Pop-up waste coupling

One must-buy product when you are purchasing sanitary ware products is the wash basin. Whether you are giving a makeover to your bathroom or adding a new washbasin, you will come across a huge variety of materials and designs to choose from. The advancement of technology has literally given us some artistic designer wash basins with high- functionality.

Wash Basin Images

 

Table Top Wash Basin Price

Backbone Oval Table Top Wash Basin, For Home. ₹ 1,300. Backbone Ceramic; Irwin’s Rectangle Table Gold Top & Base With Black Body. ₹ 6,040. Shiraz Handicrafts.

Buy Table Top Wash Basin Online 

Wash Basin Design For Dining Room | Table Top Wash Basin Cabinet Vanity | Under Counter Wash Basin

 

DC to DC Converter Circuit 12V to ± 38V

DC to DC 12V to ± 38V Converter Circuit, in the circuit shown in the figure 

The pulse generator built on the TL494 chip is at the heart of the Car DC to DC Converter 12V to 38 VDC. The circuit is intended to power the Monoblock Car Amplifier TDA7294. The generator frequency can be adjusted by adjusting the resistor R3. You can also download the datasheet to learn more about the chips.

DC to DC Converter Circuit

DC to DC Converter Circuit

• The power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load.
• The primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another, and as a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters.
• Some power supplies are discrete, stand-alone devices, whereas others are built into larger devices along with their loads. Examples of the latter include power supplies found in desktop computers and consumer electronics devices.

What is a DC-to-DC converter in a car?

An automotive DC-DC converter takes a high voltage from the battery and converts it to a lower voltage to power onboard devices like the instrument panel, entertainment system, sensors, LED lighting, and any other onboard devices that require low voltage DC power.

What is a DC-to-DC converter called?

DC to DC converters, known as choppers, is powered by a dc voltage source, typically a diode rectifier and a dc link. The dc link is made up of a large capacitor connected across the chopper’s input terminals and, often but not always, a series inductance.

What is the use of a rectifier?

A rectifier is an electronic device that uses one or more P-N junction diodes to convert alternating current to direct current. A diode functions as a one-way valve, allowing current to flow in only one direction. This is referred to as rectification.

LM3886 Amplifier Board | LM3886 datasheet Pdf Download

LM3886 Amplifier

This tutorial is an introduction to LM3886 amplifiers, the most basic building block of op-amps. This circuit is a simple amplifier that can be used as a basis for more complicated amplifier designs. The circuit uses one LM3886, which is an adjustable gain amplifier with a quiescent current of around 100nA. This means that the current used to power the circuit when it is idle is less than 100nA. This is a good starting point for more complicated amplifier circuits. The circuit uses two resistors to set the gain of the amplifier.

 

LM3886 Amplifier Circuit Diagram

The audio power amplifier is an important part of the sound system. The LM 3886 IC audio power amplifier with an audio power amplifier unit is very powerful and capable of producing 68 watts of 2  4 Ohm load power and is capable of delivering 38 W power with an 8-ohm load produce. With a well-placed sound of 20Hz-20kHz, playback is also included in the LM3886 audio power amplifier.

The LM3886 audio power amplifier is equipped with surge protection, which protects the output circuit from over-voltage, under-voltage, overload, power supply, and maximum runaway dad thermal temperature. The LM3886 audio power amplifier also has a noise cancellation system that keeps sound away from the noise.

LM3886 IC Pinout

 

 

LM3886 IC Price

Refer to this website for the Price

Click Here

Features:-

• 68W Cont. Avg. Output Power into 4Ω at V_CC = ±28V
• 38W Cont. Avg. Output Power into 8Ω at V_CC = ±28V
• 50W Cont. Avg. Output Power into 8Ω at V_CC = ±35V
• 135W Instantaneous Peak Output Power Capability
• Signal-to-Noise Ratio ≥ 92dB
• An Input Mute Function
• Output Protection from a Short to Ground or to the Supplies via Internal Current Limiting Circuitry
• Output Over-Voltage Protection against Transients from Inductive Loads
• Supply Under-Voltage Protection, not Allowing Internal Biasing to Occur when |V_EE| + |V_CC| ≤ 12V, thus Eliminating Turn-On and Turn-Off Transients
• 11-Lead TO-220 Package
• Wide Supply Range 20V – 94V

LM3886 datasheet Pdf Download

If the above link is not open check the below link

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TKmVy9Q-TaINwmT-toMJNGyK3E4kAiTN/view?usp=sharing

People May also Ask?

What is LM386?

Ans: The LM386 is the audio power amplifier it can deliver 68w of power to a 4Ω load and 38W to an 8Ω load. It is a high-performance power Amplifier.

 

What is Single Phase Transformer | Single Phase Transformer Applications

Electrical Transformer

An Electrical Transformer is a device that can transfer one electrical circuit to another called transformer. A transformer can step up and step down electrical energy without changing frequency.

Single Phase Transformer

A Single Phase Transformer is an electrical device that can accept single-phase alternating current as input and single-phase alternating current as output. This is used in energy distribution in non-urban areas because the overall demand and prices are lower than with 3-phase transformers. They are used as a step-down device to reduce the home voltage to an appropriate level while maintaining frequency stability. As a result, it is frequently used to power electronic devices in homes. This article provides an overview of a single-phase transformer.

Working Principle

The single-phase transformer works on the basis of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction principle. In general, mutual induction between secondary and primary windings is responsible for the operation of an electrical transformer.

Single Phase Transformer Circuit

Single Phase Transformer Circuit Diagram

In the above circuit, the input supply side winding is referred to as the primary winding, and the load side winding is referred to as the secondary winding. The primary and secondary windings are electrically separated but magnetically coupled. The mutual induction principle describes the transfer of electrical energy from one circuit to another.

Single-Phase Transformer Applications

Single-phase transformers are used in a variety of applications, including:

1. Power distribution: Single-phase transformers are commonly used to step down the voltage from the distribution lines to a level that can be used safely in homes and businesses.
2. Industrial equipment: Single-phase transformers are used to provide power to industrial equipment, such as motors and machine tools.
3. Isolation: Single-phase transformers can be used to provide isolation between different circuits, such as between a power source and a load.
4. Voltage stabilization: Single-phase transformers can be used to stabilize the voltage in a circuit by providing a constant voltage output, regardless of changes in the input voltage.
5. Audio and signal processing: Single-phase transformers are used in audio and signal processing applications, such as microphone preamps and audio amplifiers.
6. Medical equipment: Single-phase transformers are used in some medical equipment to provide isolation and step down the voltage to a safe level.

Wire Symbol || Electrical Connecting Wire Symbol

An electrical symbol is helpful when understanding electrical terminology. It can help you understand how electricity works and how to identify different types of wires. The electrical symbol indicates that the object or material is made of electricity. It consists of a circle with an arrow pointing out of it. This symbol is used on appliances, wires, and other items that contain electric currents.

Electrical Symbol

WIRE SYMBOL

Wire: Wires are used to connect one electrical wire to another. The wire must conduct the electrical current flow. it is called an electrical cable, electric line, or wire.

Electric Line Symbol

Connected Wires: This symbol represents the connection of two wires, indicated by a dot.

Connected Wires Symbol

Unconnected wires: This electrical symbol indicates two wires that are separated from each other that wires are said to be unconnected wires.

Unconnected Wires Symbol

 

Input bus line: An input bus line is a type of electrical wiring used to transfer electrical power from one location to another. It is similar to a cable, but it is made up of smaller wires that are wrapped together…

Input Bus Line Symbol

Output bus line: An output bus line is a type of cable that carries electrical signals from one device to another. Output bus lines are typically used in computers, printers, and other devices that need to send large amounts of data.

Output Bus Line Symbol

Terminal: An electrical terminal is an important component of any electrical system. It is responsible for receiving and distributing electricity to the various parts of the system.

Termina Symbol

bus line: This electrical symbol represents various conductors which are connected to each other and form a bus wire.

Bus Line Symbol

DRAGONFLY LDM 3D PRINTER, Dragonfly PCB Printer Price

3D printing is quickly becoming a popular way to manufacture products, with options available for both large-scale manufacturing and home use. DRAGONFLY LDM 3D printer is one of the more affordable 3D printers on the market, making it an ideal option for small businesses and home enthusiasts who want to get into 3D printing.

What is DRAGONFLY LDM 3D PRINTER?

DRAGONFLY LDM 3D PRINTER is the newest 3D printer on the market. It has a high speed, fine resolution, and large build volume. With its low cost and easy to use, it is perfect for home 3D printing.

How does DRAGONFLY LDM 3D PRINTER work?

The DRAGONFLY LDM 3D PRINTER is a high-performance 3D printing system that uses laser Deposition Modelling (LDM) technology to create complex objects from a variety of materials.

This PRINTER is able to print objects in a variety of colors and textures, using a range of filaments such as nylon, nylon-acrylic, and polyester.

The DRAGONFLY LDM 3D PRINTER is also equipped with an intuitive touchscreen interface, making it easy to set up and use.

Benefits of using DRAGONFLY LDM 3D PRINTER

DRAGONFLY LDM 3D PRINTER is a great way to produce high-quality 3D prints with even layer heights. The printer has many benefits, including:

• Low cost – the printer is affordable, making it a great option for businesses and homes who want to start printing their own products.

• High quality – the printer produces high-quality prints that are accurate and consistent.

• Fast print times – the printer can print objects quickly, making it a great choice for production environments.

How much does DRAGONFLY LDM 3D PRINTER cost?

The DRAGONFLY LDM 3D PRINTER costs around $49,999.99.

Conclusion

If you’re in the market for a 3D printer, the DRAGONFLY LDM might be a good option for you. Not only is it affordable, but it offers a lot of features that other 3D printers don’t. Plus, its simple design makes it easy to use and customize, which is something that many people appreciate. If you’re looking for a budget-friendly 3D printer that can handle most tasks, this should be at the top of your list.

What is the Purpose of Phase Sequence Meter? and its Applications

A Phase Sequence Meter is an electrical testing device that is used to determine the correct order of phases in a three-phase system. This article will explain the working principle of a phase sequence meter and its applications.

What is the purpose of the phase sequence meter?

phase sequence meter

A phase sequence meter is a device that is used to determine the order in which the phases of an alternating current are arranged. This information is useful when diagnosing problems with electrical equipment. The meter can also be used to verify that the phasing of an electrical system is correct.

How does a phase sequence meter work?

A phase sequence meter is a device that is used to determine the order in which the three phases of an alternating current are delivered. The order in which the phases are delivered is important, as it can affect the operation of equipment that is connected to the alternating current. The phase sequence meter will typically have four leads, one for each of the three phases and one for the neutral lead.

What are the benefits of using a phase sequence meter?

A phase sequence meter is a type of electrical testing equipment that is used to determine the order in which the phases of an alternating current (AC) power supply are arranged. The main benefit of using a phase sequence meter is that it can help to prevent damage to electrical equipment that may occur if the phases are arranged in the wrong order. In addition, a phase sequence meter can also be used to diagnose problems with an AC power supply.

How to select a phase sequence meter?

There are many different types and models of phase sequence meters on the market, so how do you know which one to choose for your particular application? Here are a few factors to consider that will help you select the right phase sequence meter for the job:

1. Does the phase sequence meter have to be portable?
2. What is the maximum voltage and current that the phase sequence meter can handle?
3. What is the accuracy of the phase sequence readings?
4. How easy is the phase sequence meter to use?
5. What type of display does the phase sequence meter have?
6. Is there a built-in printer or data logging capability with the phase sequence meter?
7. What is the price of the phase sequence meter?

Applications of Phase Sequence Meter

There are many phase sequence meter applications. One common application is to use it to determine the correct order of phases in three-phase electrical systems. This is important because if the phases are not in the correct order, the system will not work properly. Another common application is to use it to check for phase imbalance. This can be important in ensuring that the system is operating efficiently and safely.

Conclusion

A phase sequence meter is a device that is used to determine the order of the phases of an alternating current (AC) power supply. The purpose of this meter is to ensure that the phasing of the AC power supply is correct before it is connected to electrical equipment. This meter can be used on three-phase or single-phase AC power supplies.

For Lossless Dielectric Medium | What is a dielectric medium?

For Lossless Dielectric Medium Attenuation

In this article, we will discuss the attenuation of electromagnetic waves for lossless dielectric media. We will begin by deriving the wave equation for such media, and then proceed to solve for the attenuation constant. With this information in hand, we will finally be able to answer the question of how much attenuation occurs in these materials.

for lossless dielectric

What is a dielectric medium?

The dielectric medium is a material or substance that can be polarized by an electric field. The molecules in a dielectric medium are arranged so that they can be aligned with an electric field. When the molecules are aligned, they create a dipole moment. This dipole moment creates a polarization in the dielectric medium.

What is a lossless dielectric medium?

The lossless dielectric medium is a material that does not dissipate energy. This means that it does not absorb or reflect electromagnetic waves. Dielectric materials are used in electrical and optical applications because they allow for the transmission of energy without loss.

The attenuation for lossless dielectric medium

In a lossless dielectric medium, there is no energy loss due to attenuation. The attenuation for this type of medium is therefore zero.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is important to note that the attenuation of a dielectric medium is directly proportional to its loss tangent. Therefore, in order to reduce the amount of attenuation experienced by a dielectric medium, it is necessary to reduce its loss tangent. This can be achieved by increasing the material’s resistivity or by using materials with low losses at high frequencies.

Why is the Series Arrangement not used for Domestic Circuit

The series arrangement is not used for domestic circuits because there are many disadvantages to using this type of circuit. For one, if one appliance in the circuit breaks or fails, the entire circuit will be affected. Additionally, series circuits are less efficient than parallel circuits because they have more resistance.

Series Arrangement

Why is the Series Arrangement not used for Domestic Circuits?

The series arrangement is not used for domestic circuits because it is not as safe as the parallel arrangement. In the series arrangement, if one bulb blows, then all the bulbs in the circuit will go out. This can be a safety hazard, especially in homes with young children. The parallel arrangement is safer because if one bulb blows, the other bulbs will stay lit.

How to prevent accidents when using the series arrangement for domestic circuits

If you are using the series arrangement for domestic circuits in your home, it is important to take precautions to prevent accidents. First, make sure that all of the devices in the circuit are properly grounded. Second, do not overload the circuit by plugging in too many devices. Third, be careful when working with live wires. Always turn off the power before beginning any work on the circuit. Finally, if you are ever in doubt about anything, always consult a qualified electrician.

Conclusion

While the series arrangement is not used for domestic circuits, it still has its advantages. For one, it is cheaper to implement and two, it provides a higher level of safety in the event of a short circuit. If you are considering using this type of arrangement for your home’s electrical system, be sure to consult with a professional electrician to see if it is the best option for your particular situation.

6v Adapter, AC Adapter, Adapter Price? | What is Adapter?

What is AC Adapter?

AC Adapter is a device and electronic device required for power supply. They are AC adapters or chargers. Power adapters can convert AC to DC voltage by plugging into a wall outlet. Computers use multiple DC voltages, and the power adapter is the external part of the power supply for a laptop. Desktop computer power supplies are in one internal unit, which converts AC to all DC voltages.

6v Adapter

Excellent 6V 1A DC Power Supply AC Power Adaptor – Smps for Omron Blood Pressure Monitor Torch Led Light Worldwide Adaptor.

Kraft 6V Ac/Dc Power Adapter for Blood Pressure Monitor Digital BP Monitor Adapter 6V AC/DC for Omron, BPL, Equinox, Dr morepen Digital bp Monitor Black.

Adapter Price

About this item

• Compatible With BPM02,BPM 03, BPM01, BPM01W, BPM04BL, BPM04KBL & BPM02T Dimensions Length 15 cm Weight 85 g
• Color Black
• Suitable For: India

Questions & Answers

Can I use a 5V adapter for 6V?

Yes but not coming required voltage for the charge, so the time increase to complete the charge.

Can I use a 6V adapter for 5.9 V?

Yes, No problem, switch to 6V. if your device is with a 5.9V DC input voltage.

 

Top 10 Engineering Colleges in Hyderabad, Placements and Fee Structure

Top 10 Engineering Colleges in Hyderabad

In this article, We would like to discuss on Top 10 Engineering Colleges in Hyderabad according to viewers’ reviews and known from their placements. all the electronic circuits projects discussed on this website Circuits99.com

IIT HYDERABAD – INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – [IITH], HYDERABAD

About IIT Hyderabad

IIT Hyderabad has UGC Approved

• IIT Hyderabad College is a second-generation IIT ranked 8 in Engineering by the NIRF.
• This Institute has run with over 2600 students and 220 faculties with 40 patents filed.
• IIT Hyderabad is among the few IITs that have been sanctioned Research park by the Govt of India.
• IIT Hyderabad Research Park provides the infrastructure and facilities to industry partners for research and technology developments.
• The institute has 110 on-campus laboratories, out of which, 50 are exclusively for research projects.
• IIT Hyderabad offers more than 50 programs in both full-time and part-time modes through its 17 academic departments.
• The core fields of education and research are Engineering, Sciences, Liberal Arts, Design, and Management.

IIT Hyderabad Fees Structure and Course visit Website (update soon)

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – [IIIT], HYDERABAD

About International Institute of Information Technology

IIIT Hyderabad has AICTE, UGC Approved

• IIIT Hyderabad is the first private deemed university established under Not-for-Profit Public-Private Partnership (N-PPP).
• The institute stands at 54 in NIRF rankings for the engineering category.
• IIIT Hyderabad is widely known for its popular coding culture and computer science.
• Publications in CS-related fields make the institute one of India’s top research universities.
• The students at IIIT Hyderabad have also made it to the ACM ICPC World Finals in coding.
• The institute has a current Enrollment of 1896 students and 96 faculty members in the academic programs.

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY – [JNTUH], HYDERABAD

About JNTU Hyderabad

JNTUH has AICTE & UGC Approved

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad (JNTUH) is a renowned university with 8 engineering colleges affiliated to it and with jurisdiction over the entire Telangana. In the NIRF Rankings 2021, JNTUH has been ranked at 62nd position in the Engineering category. It has also been accredited by NAAC with a Grade ‘A’ and approved by AICTE & UGC. The JNTUH is also one of the Top 10 Engineering Colleges in Hyderabad.

JNTU Hyderabad Fees Structure and Course visit Website (update soon)

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, OSMANIA UNIVERSITY – [UCE], HYDERABAD

About UCE Hyderabad

The University College of Engineering (UCE) Has AICTE Approved

University College of Engineering (UCE), Osmania University Hyderabad is a prestigious engineering institute founded in 1929. It is ranked 88 for B.Tech by NIRF ranking 2020 and also holds a reputed status among many other ranking agencies. The institute offers B.E. at the UG level, M.Tech (Full-time/Part-time), MCA at the PG level. Admissions to all the courses will be based on the candidate’s performance in different entrance tests followed by centralized counseling.

The University College of Engineering Fees Structure and Courses visit Website (update soon)

CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – [CBIT], HYDERABAD

About CBIT Hyderabad

CBIT Hyderabad has AICTE, NBA Approved

Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology (CIBT), Hyderabad is a prestigious institute established in the year 1979. It is affiliated with Osmania University and has been approved by AICTE. The institute holds reputable status among many popular ranking agencies. It offers B.E/B.Tech at the UG level and ME, M.Tech, MBA, MCA at the PG level. The institute has maintained a positive placement rate in the four decades of its successful journey

CBIT Hyderabad Fees Structure and Courses visit Website (update soon)

VALLURUPALLI NAGESWARA RAO VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY – [VNR VJIET], HYDERABAD

About VNR VJIET Hyderabad

VNR VJIET Hyderabad has AICTE, NBA Approved

Vallurupalli Nageswara Rao Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology established in 1995, is a reputed engineering college in Hyderabad, recognized by (AICTE) and affiliated with the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad. The Institution offers courses in UG and PG Level (B. Tech and M.Tech) and is accredited by NAAC with an ‘A++’ Grade and NBA. It is constantly ranked among the Top Engineering Colleges in India and was ranked 127 by NIRF in 2020. Admission to the courses is done through the merit scored in the entrance examinations. VNR VJIET is one of the best engineering colleges in Hyderabad.

The VNR VJIET Fee Structure and Courses visit Website (update soon)

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING – [IARE], HYDERABAD

About IARE Hyderabad

IARE Hyderabad has AICTE, UGC Approved

Institute of Aeronautical Engineering (IARE), Hyderabad was established in the year 2000 and is run by the Maruthi Educational Society. It is the first institute to start a B.Tech program in Aeronautical Engineering in the state of Telangana and has gradually transformed itself into an integrated multi-disciplinary technological institute. IARE is a prestigious engineering college offering eleven B.Tech programs, six M.Tech programs, and MBA (Master of Business Administration) courses under four specializations, with 20 years of rich standing in the educational sphere.

The IARE Hyderabad Fee Structure and Courses visit Website (update soon)

BV RAJU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – [BVRIT], HYDERABAD

About BVRIT, HYDERABAD

BVRIT, HYDERABAD has AICTE, NBA Approved

BV Raju Institute of Technology (BVRIT), Hyderabad was established by the eminent philanthropist (Late) Padmabhushan Dr. B.V. Raju under the aegis of Sri Vishnu Educational Society (SVES) in the year 1997. This institution is also looked after by a body of distinguished professionals from IITs, engineering, and government sectors, led by Sri K.V.Vishnu Raju Garu. The purpose of establishing BVRIT was to provide quality technical education in a perfect ambiance for the all-around development of a student. Under the hegemony of the Chairman, Sri K.V.Vishnu Raju, BVRIT made a quantum leap in its reputation for its best teaching-learning practices, high-quality intake, excellent infrastructure facilities, the highest number of placements, etc.

BV Raju Institute of Technology (BVRIT) Fee Structure and Courses visit Website (update soon)

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING – [VCE], HYDERABAD

About Vardhaman College of Engineering

VCE, HYDERABAD has AICTE, NBA Approved

Vardhaman College of Engineering was established in the year 1999 in Hyderabad. It is approved by the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and affiliated with Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTU), Hyderabad. It was awarded autonomous status recently and is accredited with an A grade certificate by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). Vardhaman College of Engineering in Hyderabad is ranked in 143rd rank in NIRF 2020. The college offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses under various specializations. Admission to the courses is done on the basis of entrance exams like GATE, EAMCET, ICET.

Vardhaman College of Engineering (VCE) Fee Structure and Courses visit Website (update soon)

ANURAG UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD

About Anurag University, Hyderabad

Anurag University, HYDERABAD has PCI, AICTE, UGC, NBA APPROVED

Anurag University, Hyderabad was established in the year 2020. The college is ranked 3rd among Best Infrastructure & Research Institutes in 2019. The institution offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses in the field of Engineering, Business Administration, and Pharmacy.

Anurag University Fee Structure and Courses visit Website (update soon)

LM386 Audio Amplifier Circuit | LM386 Datasheet, LM386 IC Pinout

What is LM386 IC?

In this article, I would like to explain what is LM386 IC and its applications. Also covers LM386 Pinout and Datasheet in this tutorial. All electronic circuit projects cover on this website ie. Circuits99.com.

The LM386 is a dual comparator IC it can convert analog to digital. It has two comparator inputs which are one positive and another is a negative signal. One positive power supply input and the other is ground. The LM386 IC is used in devices such as sensors, displays, and actuators, where it is important to have an analog signal on only one of the comparator inputs. The other input is used to allow a digital signal to be output on the output pin.

LM386 Audio Amplifier

LM386 Audio Amplifier Circuit

The LM339 is an integrated circuit that is used in a variety of different applications. It contains both an op-amp and a voltage regulator. Which are often combined into a single chip. The LM339 is designed to work at voltages between 1.8 and 5 volts and can handle currents of up to 2.1 Amps. It is often used as a voltage regulator in power supplies, as it is able to handle large amounts of current without overheating or failing.

LM386 Pinout

Pin Details of LM386

LM386 Features:

• For battery operation
• It requires minimum external parts
• Wide supply voltage range: 4 V–12 V or 5 V–18 V
• Low quiescent current drain: 4 mA
• Voltage gains from 20 to 200
• Ground-referenced input
• Self-Centering output quiescent voltage
• Low distortion: 0.2% (AV = 20, VS = 6 V, RL = 8 Ω, PO = 125 mW, f = 1 kHz)
• Available in 8-Pin MSOP package

LM386 Datasheet

If the above link not working for LM386 Datasheet pdf Download then check the below link

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WBiAFSXiQyCetckaPddgtc4plGmKZX7d/view?usp=sharing

How does the LM386 circuit work?

The working of the circuit is very straightforward as all the work is done by the LM386 IC itself.

Why use an LM386 in an amplifier?

The LM386 takes an audio input signal and increases its potential anywhere from 20 to 200 times.

LM339 Pinout, Datasheet | LM339 Quad Voltage Comparator Circuit

What Is LM339?

In this tutorial, we discussed LM339 Pinout, Voltage Comparator using LM339 IC, and LM339 Datasheet with neat sketches. All electronic circuits projects are available on this website circuits99.com

The LM339 is Quad Comparator, which is an analog comparator and voltage reference. It is often used as a voltage comparator or to provide a reference voltage for other components. The LM339 IC is an adjustable quad comparator and its works with a single supply. It can be used for comparison circuits to provide an output signal when a certain condition is met. It is a very popular analog circuit that can be used as a voltage comparator, as a current sensor, and as a temperature sensor.

LM339 IC Voltage Comparator

 

LM339 IC Voltage Comparator Circuit Diagram

The above Circuit works on comparison between two voltage V1 and V2 as shown in the figure. This LM339 IC works on a single supply voltage source ie Vcc.

The above circuit comparison of outputs are,

If the voltage V1 is greater than V2 then Output voltage (Vo) is equal to Vcc

V1>V2 then Vo = Vcc

If the voltage V2 is greater than the V1 then Output Voltage (Vo) is equal to  Zero Voltage (0V) or GND

If V2>V1 then Vo = 0V or GND.

Based on the state of the output we can determine whether V1 is higher or V2 is higher at the input.

 The LM339 is especially useful because it can be used to detect when a signal is either too high or too low. This allows you to use one signal to produce two different outputs.

LM339 Pinout

LM339 Pin Details

Description	Pin and Name
The output pin of comparator 1	Pin 1, 1Out
The output pin of the comparator 2	Pin 2, 2OUT
Power supply	Pin 3, VCC
Negative input pin of the comparator 2	Pin 4, 2IN-
Positive input pin of the comparator 2	Pin 5, 2IN+
Negative input pin of the comparator 1	Pin 6, 1IN-
Positive input pin of the comparator 1	Pin 7, 1IN+
Negative input pin of the comparator 3	Pin 8, 3IN-
Positive input pin of the comparator 3	Pin 9, 3IN+
Negative input pin of the comparator 4	Pin 10, 4IN-
Positive input pin of the comparator 4	Pin 11, 4IN+
Ground	Pin 12, GND
The output pin of the comparator 4	Pin 13, OUT4
The output pin of the comparator 3	Pin 14, OUT3

LM339 Datasheet

If the above link not working you can download here for LM339 datasheet pdf format

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gYoOsnfiRBU3dlcRuWmo8JlgKausI1nw/view?usp=sharing

What is the use of LM339?

LM339 uses are comparisons between two voltage signals, this device can compare four pairs of voltage signals at a time also.

BC547 Transistor Pinout, Datasheet | Applications of BC547 Transistor

BC547 Transistor

In this article, I would like to explain What is BC547 Transistor, where we can use it, and also the BC547 Datasheet, Applications of BC547, its Characteristics, and BC547 Pinout. All the Electronics circuit-based projects will be discussed on this website Circuits99.com.

Transistors are small devices which is control the flow of electricity in circuits. They are used to amplify signals and control the flow of electricity. Transistors come in many different shapes and sizes, and a variety of electronic devices. The first transistor was discovered in 1947, and today billions of transistors are used in electronic devices and circuits every year.

What is BC547 Transistor

BC547 Transistor Working

 BC547 transistor has minimum and maximum gain values are 110 to 800, it is denoted by (h_FE). This gain value determines the amplification capacity of the transistor. The collector’s maximum current flow is 100mA. That is why we cannot connect more than 100mA consume load through this transistor. The base current (I_B) is limited to 5mA.

 In most cases, the BC547 transistor is used as a switch and it is operated in the saturation and cut-off region. When the transistor acts as an open switch during forwarding Bias and in Reverse Bias, it acts as a Closed switch. Here the maximum biasing current does not exceed 5mA in that case the transistor will damage.

The value of this resistor (R_B) can be calculated using the below formulae.

R_B  = V_BE / I_B

Where the value of V_BE should be 5V for BC547

Base current (I_B depends on the Collector current (I_C).

The value of I_B should not exceed mA.

Transistor Symbol

 

 

BC547 Pinout

 

 

BC547 Datasheet

If the above link is not working check the below link for BC547 Datasheet Pdf Download

https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/BC546.pdf

Applications of BC547

• For current Amplification
• Used for Audio Amplifiers
• Switching Loads are less than 100mA
• For switching purpose
• Pulse Width Modulation
• Transistor Darlington Pairs
• The transition frequency of BC547 is 300MHz.
•  RF circuits

Frequently asked questions?

BC547 Minimum base Voltage?

The minimum input voltage should be a minimum of 3.3V to turn on the transistor.

BC547 transistor uses

BC547 is a semiconductor device for amplifying, controlling, and generating electrical signals. Transistors are the active components of integrated circuits, or “microchips

 

NE5532 IC Pinout, Datasheet Pdf | NE5532 Pre-amp Circuit Board

What is NE5532?

The NE5532 Preamp is a high-quality, low-cost preamp designed to provide the best possible audio performance in harsh industrial environments. The NE5532 is a particularly good choice where a robust, high-quality signal is required, such as in demanding broadcast teleprompters and paging applications. The NE555 preamp is one of the most iconic devices in the world of electronics. The NE5532 features rugged housing with a rugged faceplate for use in harsh industrial environments.

The NE555 preamp is one of the most iconic devices in the world of electronics. It is often called the “blob” or the “vacuum tube” for its shape and has been around since the 1960s. The preamp is a voltage amplifier that allows for greater signal gain before the input to an electronic device, such as a microphone or instrument, than what is required for the device itself. This allows for a louder signal to be output without needing to increase the input gain of the device.

NE5532 Pre-Amp Circuit

NE5532 IC Circuit Diagram

 It delivers 30 watts per channel into 8-ohm loads and 40 watts per channel into 4-ohm loads. The NE5532 can drive up to 4-ohm loads with not more than 0.1% THD. It also features switchable line and speaker outputs, so you can run the preamp into a powered speaker cabinet or run it direct into a mixer or recording interface.

Components required

• NE5532 ic – 1
• 10k – 2
• 27pf capacitor – 1
• 100k resistor – 2
• 75 k resistor – 1
• 10uf capacitor – 3
• 220uf capacitor – 2

NE5532 Pinout

Pin Details of NE5532

Output A – Pin 1

Inverting Input A – Pin 2

Non- Inverting Input A – Pin 3

-Vcc – Pin 4

Non- Inverting Input B – Pin 5

Inverting Input B – Pin 6

+Vcc – Pin 8

Output B – Pin 7

NE5532 Datasheet

You can download here Ne5532 Datasheet pdf

https://datasheetspdf.com/pdf-file/474777/Philips/NE5532/1

Most people asked Questions

What is NE5532 used for?

The IC NE5532 is 8 pin Op-Amp and Dual Low noise Amplifier. This Op-Amp is internally compensated high gain. It is used commonly in audio circuits as a pre-amp.

Solar Charger for Mobile Phone | Solar Mobile Charger Circuit Diagram

Solar Charger for Mobile Phone

The solar charger is a device that will charge your phone by using the sun. It can be used on any type of phone and it is a great way to not use any electricity.

The solar charger is a device that can be used to charge your phone without using any electricity. It can be used on any type of phone and it is an excellent way to save energy.

Solar chargers are actually very easy to use. You just need to place them in the sunlight and they will start absorbing energy from the sun that they later use to power your gadgets.

Solar Mobile Charger Circuit Diagram

Solar Charger for Mobile Phone Circuit

Working of Solar Charger Circuit

The above Solar Mobile Charger circuit working is simple to understand. The working of the whole circuit is based on solar rays, for getting desired output voltage from the circuit. This charger circuit is getting input power buy sun rays and output getting from USB (5V).

Soldering Iron Kits in 2021 | Buy Best Soldering Iron Kits on Amazon

Soldering Iron

The Soldering Iron is a hand tool that is used in soldering for electronic parts. It provides heat to melt the solder so that it flows into the joint between the two pieces.

A soldering iron consists of a heated metal tip and an insulated handle. Electric current flowing through the resistive heating element is bypassed and often heated by electricity. Single irons, less commonly used today than in the past, are simply a large piece of copper on the handle, heated over a flame.

To choose the best soldering iron kit, you should consider the following factors

1. Wattage
2. Temperature control

Wattage: Soldering irons wattage range starts between 15 to 60 wattage

• 15 to 25 watts Soldering Irons are used for small PCB works
• 40 watts Soldering Irons are used for general soldering works
• 50 to 60 watts Soldering Irons are used for complicated and advanced works

Temperature Control:

Each project has different temperature requirements. The soldering irons are delivered with or without temperature control. It is better to choose a model with temperature control because you can increase or decrease the temperature depending on the work. Temperature-controlled soldering irons are inexpensive, but they are only suitable for general household chores

Best Soldering Iron Kits

Corslet Soldering Iron Kit

soldering iron 60w

Corslet soldering iron kit is the Best Soldering Iron and is suitable for beginners and professionals alike. It is helpful for various applications like electronic work, DIY soldering, computer circuit board repair, jewelry works, and industrial soldering.

Corslet Soldering Iron is equipped with inner-heated ceramic technology which heats up quickly. It also has a heat and impacts on the resistant design of screw thread. So, the iron head will not drop easily. It comes with an adjustable temperature range from 200 degrees Celsius to 450 degrees Celsius, it is soldering iron 60w. you can check the above amazon link for Soldering Iron Price

Corslet Soldering Tool Kit with Adjustable Temperature Welding Iron, 5 Tips, Desoldering Pump, 2 Tweezers, Tin Wire Tube, Stand and 6 Aid Tools (SOLDERING IRON KIT), Multicolour, Plastic, Steel

Features

• Working Voltage: 110V
• Power: 60W
• Adjustable Temperature: Yes
• Item Weight: 200 grams
• Soldering Stand: Steel
• Power Source: AC supply
• Style: Soldering

Components for corslet iron

• Adjustable Temperature Soldering Iron (60W)
• Digital Multimeter
• Soldering Iron Stand
• Tweezers (Straight ESD-11, Curved ESD-15)
• Diagonal Wire Cutter, Mini Wire Stripper Tool, and Cutter
• Desoldering Pump
• Soldering Iron Tip
• Tin Wire Solder Tube
•  Mini Screwdriver
• Solder Wick and Soldering Paste
• Red 22 and Black 22 AWG Wire
• Pen Shaped Screwdriver
• Insulating Tape (red, black, and yellow)

FADMAN Soldering Iron Kit

 

This is one of the Best Soldering Iron. It is a complete soldering kit with a multimeter from FADMAN. It has all essential tools used for home DIY fixing jobs, soldering projects, circuit board welding, crafts/jewelry making, electrical, electronics, and appliances repairs, you can also check the above link on Fadman Soldering Iron price

Features

• Working Voltage: 110V
• Power: 25W
• Adjustable Temperature: No
• Item Weight: 325 grams
• Soldering Stand: Steel
• Power Source: AC supply
• Style: Soldering

Components Included

• Temperature Soldering Iron (25W)
• Digital Multimeter
• Soldering Iron Stand
• Tweezers (Straight ESD-11, Curved ESD-15)
• Diagonal Wire Cutter, Mini Wire Stripper Tool, and Cutter
• Desoldering Pump
• Soldering Iron Tip 
• Tin Wire Solder Tube 
•  Mini Screwdriver
• Solder Wick and Soldering Paste
• Red 22 and Black 22 AWG Wire
• Pen Shaped Screwdriver
• Insulating Tape (red, black, and yellow)

Continued…

Traffic Light Controller circuit using CD4017 IC Datasheet

Traffic Light Controller circuit

The Traffic Light Controller circuit using CD4017IC  The circuit’s timing and sequential operation is done by two CMOS ICs (IC1 and IC2) while the actual power switching is done by Triacs.

CD4017 IC Circuit Diagram

Traffic Light Controller circuit using CD4017 IC

From the Traffic Light Controller circuit using CD4017 IC, a 10V negative power supply is obtained directly from the mains by means of D1, R1, D2, and C1. Gates N1 through N6 constitute IC2 while IC1 is a Johnson counter. N1 – N3 is wired as an astable multivibrator whose time period can be adjusted between 1 second and 10 seconds with VR1. The decade outputs of IC1 are wired such that when Q0 and Q5 are high, the output of N5 goes low.

The outputs of N4 and N6 become low when Q1 to Q4 and Q6 to Q9 become low respectively. Since we have a negative supply, the low output of any of the hates N4 to N6 causes the respective Triac to fire.

Traffic Light Controller circuit

PARTS LIST

Resistors (all ¼-watt, ± 5% Carbon unless stated otherwise)
R1 = 5 KΩ/5W
R2, R3, R4 = 22 KΩ
R5 = 100 KΩ
R6 = 1 MΩ
R7, R8, R9 = 1 KΩ
R10, R11, R12 = 100 Ω/1W
VR1 = 1 MΩ
Capacitors
C1 = 1000 µF/16V
C2, C3 = 22 µF/16V
C4, C5, C6 = 00.1 µF/400V
Semiconductors
IC1 = CD4017
IC2(N1 – N6) = CD4049
D1 = BY127

 

 

LM358 Amplifier Circuit Diagram | LM358 Datasheet

LM358 Amplifier

The LM358 Amplifier circuit is a versatile audio amplifier employing a low-cost LM358 op-amp. The differential inputs give the amplifier excellent immunity to common-mode signals which are a common cause of amplifier instability.

The LM358 op-amp audio amplifier circuit is the ground point for wiring in a simple design. The ground sensor can show how input is connected to the ground. To the sound source, and not to the amplifier with high currents.

LM358 Amplifier Circuit Diagram

LM358 Audio Amplifier

 

If the power supply of the LM358 amplifier is the signal, one of the inputs of the amplifier is connected to the positive power supply. We can add an NPN common-emitter preamplifier for high gain. The power supply feedback destabilization is greatly reduced.

By the way, the LM358 Op-Amp Audio Amplifier is a fairly poor audio amplifier and you may wish to switch to a better part for reduced distortion. Frankly, for a little bench amplifier, you’ll never notice the distortion.

LM358 Pinout

• Output A: Pin 1
• Inverting Input A: Pin 2
• Non-Inverting Input A: Pin 3
• Ground: Pin 4
• Non-Inverting Input B: Pin 5
• Inverting Input B: Pin 6
• Output B: Pin 7
• Vcc: Pin 8

LM358 Pdf

LM358 Datasheet

Here you can download the LM358 Datasheet pdf the given below link

https://datasheetspdf.com/pdf-file/613931/NationalSemiconductor/LM358/1

Frequently Asked Questions?

What is the Gain of LM358?

The LM358 amplifier has a large DC voltage gain of 100 dB which is ideal for transducer amplifiers, dc gain blocks, and all op-amp circuits.

What is the LM358 Chip?

The LM358 IC is a great, low power and easy to use dual channel op-amp IC

Is LM358 an Op-Amp?

The LM358 is a great and easy-to-use dual-channel opamp. Used as a transducer amplifier.

Lenz's Law of Electromagnetic Induction | Faradays Law of Electromagnetic Induction

Lenz’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction

Lenz’s law is based on Faraday’s law of induction. We should know what is Faraday’s law of induction we should understand Lenz’s law. When the conductor is placed in a change in a magnetic field there will be an emf is induced in it.

Change in the magnetic field may be caused by moving a magnet towards or away from the coil. Or moving the coil into or out of the magnetic field as desired.

In simple words, we can say that the magnitude of the emf induced in the circuit is proportional to the rate of change of flux.

Lenz’s Law

Lenz’s Law states that the induced electromotive force (EMF) generated in a closed circuit always opposes the change which produced it.

The negative sign used in Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction indicates that the induced emf ( ε ) and the change in magnetic flux (δΦB) have opposite signs.

Where,

ε = Induced emf

δΦB = change in magnetic flux

N = No of turns in the coil

Reason for Opposing, Cause of Induced Current in Lenz’s Law?

As stated above, Lenz’s law obeys the law of conservation of energy. If the direction of the magnetic field that creates the current and the magnetic field of the current in a conductor is in the same direction.

Then these two magnetic fields would add up and produce a current of twice the magnitude and this would, in turn, create more magnetic fields. This will cause more current, and this process continues on and on leading to violation of the law of conservation of energy.

Faradays Law of Electromagnetic Induction

In 1831, the English scientist Michael Faraday discovered the laws of electromagnetic induction. which are the basic principles of electricity and electronics. The first of these laws state that when a current-carrying wire is moved within a magnetic field, an electrical current is produced in the conductor.

This discovery was the foundation of modern electrical engineering and led to the invention of electric generators, transformers, and electric motors.

The second law states that the magnitude of the current generated in a wire is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field and the amount of wire exposed to it.

Do people ask Questions?

What does Faraday’s Second Law of Electromagnetic Induction state?

Faraday’s first second law of electromagnetic induction states that the induced emf in a coil is equal to the rate of change of flux linkage.

Why are Faraday’s laws important?

Faraday’s law describes how changing magnetic fields can cause current to flow in wires.

What does the negative sign indicate in Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction formula?

The negative sign indicates that the direction of the induced emf and change in the direction of magnetic fields have opposite signs.

What is EMF?

Electromotive force or emf is a measurement of the energy that causes current to flow through a circuit.

Headphone Amplifier Circuit using TDA1308 IC Datasheet pdf

Headphone Amplifier Circuit

Headphone Amplifier Circuit using TDA1308 IC is a very simple and efficiency audio amplifier circuit based on the TDA1308 IC class-AB stereo headphone. The device is fabricated in a 1 mm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) process and has been primarily developed for portable digital audio applications.

 

Headphone Amplifier Circuit using TDA1308 IC

You can use this circuit diagram with TDA1308 IC or TDA1308A, the difference between the TDA1308 IC and the TDA1308A IC is that the TDA1308A can be used at low supply voltages.
The maximum output power that can be obtained with this circuit is around 80mwatts.
This audio amplifier circuit requires a very low voltage power supply: from 3 to 7 volts for single supply or 1.5 to 3 volts for dual supply, for TDA1308.
The TDA1308A IC supports a low voltage input down to 1.2 volts, but the typical power supply required for both circuits is 5 volts for a single supply and 2.5 volts for the dual supply.
As you can see the circuit requires very few external components and can be configured to work in stereo or mono configuration.

TDA1308 IC Datasheet pdf

What is Electric Current? | SI Unit of Electric Current, Types of Electric Current

What is an Electric Current?

This tutorial discussed what is Current, types of electric current, and SI unit of electric current. Electricity is the flow of electrons through a material, such as a metal or a wire, in a certain direction. Current is the direction of flow of a single electron, or a group of electrons, through a material. The direction of current is usually referred to as the direction of the flow of electrons. Electricity is often described as the flow of a single electron, or a group of electrons, in a certain direction.

 

An electric current is a flow of electric charge. In electric circuits, this charge is often carried by moving electrons in a wire. It can also be carried by ions in an electrolyte, or by both ions and electrons such as in an ionized gas.

The SI unit for measuring an electric current is the ampere, which is the flow of electric charge across a surface at the rate of one coulomb per second. Electric current is measured using a device called an ammeter.

Electric currents cause Joule heating, which creates light in incandescent light bulbs. They also create magnetic fields, which are used in motors, inductors, and generators.

The moving charged particles in an electric current are called charge carriers. In metals, one or more electrons from each atom are loosely bound to the atom and can move freely about within the metal. These conduction electrons are the charge carriers in metal conductors.

SI Unit of Electric Current

when we talk about electricity, we often refer to the voltage and current. Current is the number of electrons flowing through a circuit and is measured in amperes (or amps). The unit of measurement for current is the ampere, which is abbreviated as A. The ampere is named after the French physicist André-Marie Ampère, who discovered the phenomenon of electric currents in the early 19th century. The electric current is measured in amperes and is the measure of the flow of electrons in a circuit.

SI unit of the electric current is the Ampere and the symbol is A.

Electric Current Formula

Using Ohm’s law, we can represent as the formula:

The current formula is given as I = V/R. The SI unit of current is Ampere (Amp).

where,

V –  the electric Voltage,

R – the resistance of the metallic body,

I –  the electric current.

Mathematically, this can be represented as:

I = 𝑄/𝑡

Where,

I – is the Electric Current,

Q – is the Electric Charge,

T – Time.

Types of Electric Current

There are two main types of electric current: direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC). Direct current is the flow of electrons in a wire in one direction. Alternating current is the flow of electrons in a wire in both Directions. Direct current is used in most electronic devices, including homes and offices.

Tags: electric current formula,current electricity,electric current examples,conventional current,what is current measured in,electric circuit definition,electric charge,what is current in science

Fire Alarm circuit using LDR | TDA2003 datasheet

Fire Alarm Circuit

Fire Alarm circuit using LDR: This is a simple fire alarm circuit based on a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and lamp pair for sensing the fire. The alarm works by sensing the smoke produced during the fire. The circuit produces an audible alarm when the fire breaks out with smoke.

 

Fire Alarm circuit

Working on Fire Alarm circuit using LDR

When there is no smoke the light from the bulb will be directly falling on the LDR. The LDR resistance will be low and so the voltage across it (below 0.6V). The transistor will be OFF and nothing happens. When there is sufficient smoke to mask the light from falling on LDR, the LDR resistance increases and so does the voltage across it. Now the transistor will switch ON.

Also Read:  FIRE ALARM CIRCUIT USING NE555 IC & THERMISTOR A PROJECT FOR SCHOOL

This gives power to the IC1 and it outputs 5V. This powers the tone generator IC UM66 (IC2) to play a music. This music will be amplified by IC3 (TDA 2002) to drive the speaker. Resistor R6 is meant for protecting the transistor when R4 is turned towards low resistance values. Resistor R2 and R1 form a feedback network for the TDA2002 and C1 couples the feedback signal from the junction of R1 & R2 to the inverting input of the same IC.

TDA2003 datasheet

 

TA7222AP IC Power Amplifier Circuit

Power Amplifier Circuit

Power Amplifier Circuit By IC TA7222AP

This Circuit is made by using IC TA7222AP to power amplifier circuit is make it simple with low cost.

The power supply can use only 8 to 12 volts supply, this circuit can use the in-car audio system or for small rooms, computer speakers, and security systems.

Power Amplifier Circuit

Pin configuration: 

 

Pin          Name                description 

—————————————————– 

1              VCC              Supply Voltage

———————————————

2               RR                Ripple Reject

———————————————

3               MC               Muting Control

———————————————

4               OP                AF Signal Input 

———————————————

5               FB                FB Filter 

———————————————           

6               GA               Gain Adjust

———————————————

7               GND            Ground

———————————————

8               GND            Ground

———————————————

9               OP               AF Output

———————————————

10             BS               BootStrap

Best Phone Under 15000 For PUBG | Gaming Phone Under 15000 for Free Fire

Gaming Phone Under 15000

Mobile games become more and more mainstream, smartphones are also becoming their own handheld consoles. Rs. The best gaming phone under 15,000 has faster processors, better graphics, and more RAM. And these gaming phones have made it possible for users to indulge in graphics-intensive games like PubG Mobile. The best gaming phones under Rs.15,000 offer them all. Here is a list of the best phones for gaming that can be bought for under $ 15,000. Although the prices of the products mentioned in the list below are updated before October 2021, the list may have changed since its last publication, as new products have been introduced to the market.

Best Gaming Phone Under 15000 For PUBG Mobile Lite

A price below Rs 15,000 is crucial for the Indian smartphone industry as it is available to most people. Over the years, we’ve seen several manufacturers try to capture this segment by delivering better cameras, faster processors, and better batteries. To be the best in this segment, manufacturers have developed sub-Rs. 15,000 price segments with a range of good smartphones.

Xiaomi Poco M3

Xiaomi Poco M3 is priced at Rs.11499/- the best smartphones are under 15,000. It has a high-End Qualcomm mid-range processor with 6GB of RAM and 64GB of storage. It also has a dedicated game mode which makes the game smoother for PUBG Lite Game. It is one of the Best Phone Under 15000 For PUBG.

SPECIFICATION
Screen Size	:	6.53″ (2340 x 1080)
Camera	:	48MP + 2MP + 2MP | 8MP
RAM	:	6 GB
Battery	:	6000mAh
Operating system	:	Android
Soc	:	Qualcomm Snapdragon 662
Processor	:	Octa-core

Xiaomi Redmi Note 10S

Xiaomi Redmi Note 10S is priced at Rs.13999/- the best smartphones are under 15,000. It has a high-end Media Tek Helio G95 octa-core processor with 6GB of RAM and 64GB of storage. It also has a dedicated game mode which runs the game smoother for PUBG Mobile Lite. It is one of the best gaming phones under Rs. 15,000.

SPECIFICATION
Screen Size	:	6.53″ (2340 x 1080)
Camera	:	64MP + 8MP + 2MP+2MP(rear) | 13MP(front)
RAM	:	6 GB
Battery	:	5000mAh
Operating system	:	Android
Soc	:	Media Tek Helio G95
Processor	:	Octa-core

Samsung Galaxy M31s

Samsung Galaxy M31s is priced at Rs.14999/- the best smartphones are under 15,000. Samsung comes with an Exynos 9 Octa 9611 octa-core processor with 6GB of RAM and 128GB of storage.

It also has a dedicated game mode which makes the game smoother for PUBG Mobile Lite. It is one of the best gaming phones under Rs. 15,000.

SPECIFICATION
Screen Size	:	6.5″ (2340 x 1080)
Camera	:	64MP + 12MP + 5MP+5MP(rear) | 32MP(front)
RAM	:	6 GB
Battery	:	6000mAh
Operating system	:	Android
Soc	:	Exynos 9 Octa 9611
Processor	:	Octa-core